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What a firewall actually does (and why the one in your router is not it)

Everyone has "a firewall". Fewer people have one that is doing anything. Here is what the good ones do all day while you are not looking.

Ask ten business owners whether they have a firewall and ten will say yes. Ask what it is doing and the room goes quiet. That is not a criticism — a firewall is supposed to be boring. But there is a difference between a firewall that is quietly working and one that is quietly decorative, and it is worth five minutes to know which one you have.

The bouncer analogy, briefly

A firewall stands at the door between your network and the internet and decides who gets in and who gets out. The free one built into your internet provider's router is a bouncer who checks that visitors are wearing shoes. A managed business firewall is a bouncer who knows the guest list, recognises the regulars, notices the person trying the side door, and phones someone when it happens.

What a managed firewall does that the router does not

  • Inspects the traffic, not just the address. Modern threats arrive over perfectly normal-looking connections. A business firewall looks inside for known malware, exploit attempts and command-and-control traffic.
  • Filters where people go. Not to police anyone's lunch break, but because a staggering number of infections start on a look-alike site that a filter would have blocked.
  • Gives remote staff a locked door, not an open window. Secure remote access instead of "we opened a port so Dave can get in from home". Dave is lovely. The port is not.
  • Separates guests, cameras and printers from your servers. A visitor's laptop or a five-year-old camera should never be able to reach your accounting system. Segmentation makes sure of it.
  • Gets updated. A firewall running firmware from 2021 is protecting you from the threats of 2021.

The part nobody mentions: someone has to watch it

A firewall generates alerts. If those alerts go to an inbox nobody reads, you have a very expensive diary. This is the piece most small businesses are missing, and it is where a managed service earns its keep: our monitoring sees the alert at 2 a.m., an engineer decides whether it matters, and — if it does — acts before your staff arrive to find out.

A quick self-check

When was the firewall's firmware last updated? Who receives its alerts? Are the guest Wi-Fi and the office network actually separate? If any of those answers is "I'm not sure", it is worth a look. We assess firewalls all the time — sometimes the verdict is "it's fine, keep it", and we will say so.

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